Building covering



w. 15, 1935: E. R. BLACK 2,017,230

BUILDING COVERING Filed Feb. 25, 1950 3 Sheets-Sheet l w; 15, 1935. E; R BLACK 2,017,230

BUILDING COVERING Filed Feb. 25, 1930 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ct. 15, 1935. E. R. BLACK BUILDING COVERING 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 25, 1930 Patented Oct. 15, 1935 I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BUILDING COVERING of Illinois Application February 25, 1930, Serial No. 431,264

6 Claims.

My invention relates to building coverings and is particularly concerned with fiexible roofing and siding such as individual, strip shingle or roll roofing and individual, strip or roll siding.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a new and improved building covering unit adapted to be securely fastened in place, without exposing the fastening means to view, yet allowing the unit to be free to expand and contract in response to changes in temperature, thus preventing buckling of the unit and allowing it to lie smooth under all weather conditions.

Another object of my invention is to provide a fastener adapted to be nailed to the roof or siding without penetrating the covering material.

Another object of my invention is to provide units or shingles having an under-turned portion or flap and means associated therewith for securing the units to the roof or siding without unfolding the flap during the application of the roofing.

Another object is to provide a novel and effective means for anchoring a unit, particularly the exposed or butt end thereof, to the building framework.

A further object is to provide a fastener which permits the unit associated therewith to be turned to a position to permit the fastener to be attached to the building and then to be turned to a position completely to cover the anchorage all without bending or flexing the unit.

Another object is to provide an effective, inexpensive andeasily applied roof or side covering.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a method of packing covering units provided with under-turned fiaps so that the units when packed for shipment will be compact packages, the flaps will be protected and the surface of each unit will not be disfigured by contact with the flaps of the adjacent units.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a front or top elevation of a covering unit in the form of an individual shingle made in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; a

Fig. 3 is a developed view of the shingle shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a perspective of one form of my improved fastening clip or anchor; V

Fig; 5 is a front or top elevation of a portion of a building with one form of my improved covering in place;

Fig. 6 is a perspective of a modified fastening clip or anchor;

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary rear elevation of a modified form of shingle unit and fastening clip;

-Fig. 8 is a front elevation of a multiple or 5 strip shingle unit made in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary front view of a portion of a strip roofing or siding unit, the fastener or anchor being shown in dotted lines; 10 Fig. 10 is a rear view of the parts shown in Fig.9;

Fig. 11 is an elevational view of a plurality of strip or multiple shingle units arranged in the improved manner in which they are packed for shipment;

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the same;

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a bundle of shingle units packed in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 14 is an elevation, similar to Fig. 11, of individual shingle units;

Fig. 15 is a perspective of the bundle shown in Fig. 14;

Fig. 16 is a. perspective of a complete bundle of individual shingle units packed in accordance with my invention.

In Figs. 1 tot I have shown rrw invention as applied to individual shingle units. In Figs.

1, 2, and 3, I0 indicates a substantially square shingle having an under-turned corner flap portion I2. An aperture i4 is provided in flap l2 and the underturning forms a fold it. This folding or underturning of the butt corner is done during the process of manufacture while the shingle unit is still hot so that no cracking takes place along fold l6 as would be the case if the bending were done after the'shingle has cooled. I have provided a fastener. or anchor l8 which is used to fasten the shingle unit, and 40 particularly the exposed or butt end thereof, to the roof. The fastener is formed from a single piece of wire bent into a loop 20 and a pair of substantially straight laterally extending arms or prongs 22 which project outwardly and oppositely from the terminals of the legs of the loop or body 20 and are offset from theloop as shown at 24, the amount offset being substantially the thickness of flap i2. 4

In applying these roofing units, fastener I8 is first placed in position by inserting loop 20 through aperture 14 so that prongs 22 rest against the wall formed at fold 16. The fastener or anchor is then in the position shown in Fig. 1.

As will be noticed in Fig. 2, aperture [4 is 10- the loop of the fastener is exposed and may be 7 fastened down to the framework in a varietyof ways. I have shown a nail 28'driven through loop 29 and into the framework. Then the shingle is turned over, the fastener acting like a hinge, into its proper position on the roof with the tip uppermost and the butt at the bottom and securely anchored. The tip end may be secured bynailing it down to the framework, the nails being located in the region that will be covered by the overlying or nexthigher course of shingles.

Thus the units may be securely anchoredto the roof, at the extreme butt end as well as near the tip end and yet no metal is exposed. Nor has it been necessary to bend any part of the unit during its application. The clearance between the edges of the aperture in the shingle flap and the offset in the fastener '(most clearly shown in Fig.

2) permits sufiicient movement of the'butt end of the shingle to takecare of all ordinary expansion and contraction under usual weather changes. Thus the butt of the shingle and the fastener, or anchor are relieved of strains which are generally incident to temperature changes,

1 the fastening is rendered more reliable and the shingles are not buckled or otherwise injured.

Fig. 6 shows a modified type of fastener 21 which may be inserted into a retaining position with reference to the shingle by springing the ends of the loop portion together and inserting the short prongs 23 through aperture. I4, rather than by inserting the loop through the aperture as in the first described type. V g

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated another modified 5 type of fastener or clip 30 having a loop portion 32 and lateral prongs 34, the prongs terminating in offset hook portions 36 which are bent to point back toward the body or loop 32. To attach this fastener to a shingle the fastener is sprung open and the hook portions 36 are fastened into apertures 38 in the margins of the turned-over flap. It will be noticed that this construction provides the same hinge arrangement of the preferred form of fastener, and it has a further advantage in that it may be more easily and quickly applied. I a

Fig. 8 illustrates a twin shingle 40 provided with turned-under flaps 42 and fasteners l8 of the 7 same general construction shown in Fig. 1. This shingle is formed with Vertical parallel sides 43 which greatly simplify the laying of roofing, due to the fact that the adjacent shingles can be readily positioned to match up with the shingles already in place. V

In' Figs. 9 and 10 I have shown a portion ofa roofor siding strip 44 attached to a roof or side of a building by means of .a fastener 46. Strip 44 has an under-turned flap 48' provided with aplurality of apertures 50. Fastener 46 may be formed of a continuous wireand has a'plurality of loops 52 formed therein and spaced apart the same distance that separates apertures 50. Loop portions 52 are offset at 54 substantially the thickness of flap 48 just as previously explained in connection th th ind vidu l h e u it 1 'or back of any other shingle.

In applying this siding or roofing strip the fastener is used as a hinge in precisely the same way as previously described. The strip is swung down and out of position, the fastener properly secured to the building, and then the strip swung back 5 into its .final position on the side or roof of the building. The upper edge of the strip may be secured by suitable means, such as nails driven through the strip above the region that will be exposed; i. e., in the region covered by shingles of 10 the superposed course.

' In Figs. 11, 12, and 13 I have illustrated a meth- 42a of fiap42 on the lower shingle rests against the sloping side 48a. of the shingle above it. Thus adjacent shingles in the stack or bundle are offset by the amount of the flap or flaps thereof. As the flaps 42 are of the same thickness as the shingles 40 it is apparent that by packing the shingles in this manner .a package of uniform thickness will be produced, and no flap will lie against the face Protecting boards 52 may be placed above and below the stack of shingles and suitable wires or straps secured around the package.

A similar method of packing individual shingle units is illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, and 16. A shingle 10 is placed with its flap l2 at the lower lefthand corner. A second shingle Illa is then placed on thefirst shingle with its fiap in the upper righthand corner and overhanging the first shingle on the right side, the width of flap [2, with the inner edge of the flap resting against the edge of shingle 10. A third shingle lllb is now placed directly over shingle ID with its flap in the upper left-hand corner and the inner edge of the flap resting against the edge of shingle Illa. A fourth shingle I00 is now placed directly above shingle Illa with its flap in the lower right-hand corner, the inner edge of the flap resting against the edge of shingle 10b. This procedure is repeated until a stack or bundle of the desired size is formed.

As shown in Fig. 14 a rectangular stack is produced and it is obvious that as many layers of shingles may be added as is desired. Boards 56 are placed below and above the stack and tying means, such as the wires 58, are fastened around the package and it is ready for shipment.

Thus by employing my improved shipping package, the shingles are not marked, indented or marred by the flaps of adjacent shingles, and the flaps areprotected by the overhanging 60 corners of other shingles. The package is neat, easily produced, compact and readily handled and strapped or otherwise bound to form a handy unit.

. Preferably the units of my improved building Having thus described the nature and, several 75.

The fasteners 7 0.

embodiments of my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows: i

1. A-building covering unit having a rigid under-turned portion, and means associated with said under-turned portion for attaching the covering unit to the building, said means adapted to be attached to the building with the covering unit in a turned-over position.

2. A building covering unit having a body and an under-turned flap with an aperture therein, and a fastener having a loop extending through the aperture in the flap and having prongs lying within the fold between the bodyand flap, said prongs adapted to form a bearing about which the unit may be swung to allow free access to the loop of the fastener in order to secure the same to the building.

3. A building covering unit comprising a sheet of covering material having a body and a turned under apertured flap at one edge of the body; and an attachment for anchoring said sheet to a building framework, said attachment having a body portion lying between the flap and body of the sheet to form a hinge about which the sheet may be turned at right angles to the plane of the sheet, and an extension projecting through the aperture in the flap in position to lie below the flap and be permanently secured to the building framework.

4. A building covering unit comprising a body and a turned under flap integrally formed from a sheet of covering material, the flap having an aperture therein; and an attachment for an choring the flap to a building framework, said attachment having a body portion which lies between the flap and body of the sheet forming a hinge therefor, and an extension from the body portion, said extension projecting through the aperture in the flap to hold the attachment and sheet together, said extension being exposed for attachment to a building framework when the sheet is turned down about the hinge and covered by the sheet when the same is turned up 5 about the hinge.

5. The combination with a building covering unit comprising a substantially flat body portion, and a folded-under flap having an aperture therein adjacent the fold; of an anchoring clip 10 comprising a wire bent to form a substantially U-shaped body for attachment flat against the underlying building framework and a pair of straight arms projecting oppositely at substantially right angles to the legs constituting the 15 body, each leg of the body and its associated arm being connected by an offset portion which lies in the aperture of the covering unit so that said arms of the clip lie between the body and the flap of the unit and form therewith a hinge about 20 which the unit may be swung in a plane substantially perpendicular to the underlying frame work into position on the frame work.

6. The combination with a building covering unit comprising a substantially flat body portion, 5 and a folded-under flap having an aperture therein adjacent the fold; of an anchoring clip comprising a wire bent to form a substantially U-shaped body for attachment beneath the flap of the unit against the underlying framework and 0 a pair of straight arms projecting oppositely at substantially right angles to the legs constituting the body, said legs lying between the body and flap of the unit and forming therewith a hinge about which the unit may be swung in a plane substantially perpendicular to the building frame work into position on the frame work.

EDWARD R. BLACK. 

